Kunyamula ndi gawo lomwe limakonza ndikuchepetsa kugundana kwa katundu panthawi yotumizira makina.Ili ndi udindo wofunikira pamakina ndi zida zamakono.Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuthandizira thupi lozungulira makina kuti muchepetse kugundana kwamphamvu yamakina panthawi yotumizira zida.Zimbalangondo zitha kugawidwa m'mabere oyenda komanso otsetsereka.Lero tikambirana za kugubuduza fani mwatsatanetsatane.
Rolling bearing ndi mtundu wa makina olondola omwe amasintha kukangana kotsetsereka pakati pa shaft yothamanga ndi mpando wa shaft kukhala kugundana, potero kumachepetsa kugundana.Zimbalangondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magawo anayi: mphete yamkati, mphete yakunja, zinthu zogudubuza ndi khola.Ntchito ya mphete yamkati ndi kugwirizana ndi shaft ndi kuzungulira ndi shaft;ntchito ya mphete yakunja ndi kugwirizana ndi mpando wonyamula ndikugwira ntchito yothandizira;Khola limagawira mofanana zinthu zogubuduza pakati pa mphete yamkati ndi mphete yakunja, ndipo mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake kumakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ndi moyo wa kugubuduza;khola limatha kugawa mogawana zinthu zogubuduza, kuteteza zinthu zogubuduza kuti zisagwe, ndikuwongolera zinthu zogubuduza Kuzungulira kumagwira ntchito yopaka mafuta.

Mawonekedwe opindika
1. ukatswiri
Pokonza zigawo zonyamula, zida zambiri zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, mphero za mpira, makina opera ndi zida zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mpira wachitsulo.Ukadaulo umawonekeranso pakupanga zida zokhala ndi zida, monga kampani ya chitsulo yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino popanga mipira yachitsulo ndi fakitale yaying'ono yomwe imagwira ntchito yopanga mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono.
2. Zapamwamba
Chifukwa cha zofunikira zazikulu zogwirira ntchito, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zamakina, zida ndi ukadaulo.Monga zida zamakina a CNC, ma chucks akuyandama a nsagwada zitatu ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwamlengalenga.
3. Zochita zokha
The ukatswiri wa kubala kupanga amapereka zinthu zake kupanga zokha.Popanga, zida zambiri zamakina odzipangira okha, odzipatulira okha komanso osadzipatulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mizere yodzipangira yokha imachulukitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Monga mzere wowongolera kutentha wodziwikiratu ndi mzere wa msonkhano wodziwikiratu.
Kutengera mtundu wa kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe ogubuduza ndi mawonekedwe a mphete amatha kugawidwa kukhala: kunyamula mpira kwakuya, kunyamula singano, kulumikizidwa kwa angular, kunyamula mpira wodziyimira pawokha, kunyamula zodzigudubuza, kunyamula mpira, kukankhira pawokha. zodzigudubuza , mayendedwe Cylindrical wodzigudubuza, mayendedwe tapered wodzigudubuza, akunja ozungulira mpira mayendedwe ndi zina zotero.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, ma bere ozungulira amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
1. Mipira yozama yakuya
Mipira yozama ya groove ndiyosavuta kupanga komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.Iwo ndi mtundu wa mayendedwe omwe ali ndi magulu akuluakulu opanga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kunyamula katundu wa radial, komanso amatha kunyamula katundu wina wa axial.Pamene chiwongolero cha ma radial chikukulitsidwa, chimakhala ndi ntchito yolumikizana ndi angular ndipo imatha kunyamula katundu wokulirapo wa axial.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto, mathirakitala, zida zamakina, ma mota, mapampu amadzi, makina aulimi, makina opangira nsalu, etc.
2. Zonyamula singano
Mapiritsi a singano amakhala ndi zodzigudubuza zoonda komanso zazitali (kutalika kwake ndi 3-10 m'mimba mwake, ndipo m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri sakhala wamkulu kuposa 5mm), kotero mawonekedwe a radial ndi ophatikizika, ndipo m'mimba mwake mkati mwake ndi mphamvu zake zolemetsa ndizofanana. monga mitundu ina ya mayendedwe.Dera lakunja ndi laling'ono, ndipo ndiloyenera kwambiri pothandizira zida zokhala ndi miyeso yoyika ma radial.Malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mayendedwe opanda mphete yamkati kapena singano roller ndi khola zigawo akhoza kusankhidwa.Panthawi imeneyi, magazini pamwamba ndi chipolopolo dzenje pamwamba ofananira kubala mwachindunji ntchito monga mkati ndi kunja kugubuduza pamwamba pa kubala, pofuna kusunga katundu mphamvu ndi kuthamanga ntchito Mofanana ndi kunyamula ndi mphete, kuuma pamwamba. m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.Kulondola kwa makina ndi pamwamba ndi pamwamba pake ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi mpikisano wa mphete yonyamula.Mtundu woterewu ukhoza kunyamula katundu wa radial.Mwachitsanzo: ma shaft olowa padziko lonse lapansi, mapampu a hydraulic, mphero zogubuduza mapepala, kubowola miyala, ma gearbox a zida zamakina, ma gearbox agalimoto ndi thirakitala, ndi zina zambiri.
3. Angular kukhudzana mayendedwe
Angular kukhudzana mpira mayendedwe ndi mkulu malire liwiro ndipo akhoza kunyamula katundu wautali ndi axial katundu, komanso koyera axial katundu.Kuchuluka kwa axial katundu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ngodya yolumikizana ndikuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ngodya yolumikizana.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: mapampu amafuta, ma compressor a mpweya, ma transmission osiyanasiyana, mapampu a jakisoni wamafuta, makina osindikizira.
4. Kudzigwirizanitsa ndi mpira
Mpira wodziyimira pawokha uli ndi mizere iwiri ya mipira yachitsulo, mphete yamkati imakhala ndi maulendo awiri othamanga, ndipo msewu wakunja wa mphete ndi malo ozungulira amkati, omwe ali ndi machitidwe odzipangira okha.Itha kubweza zolakwa za coaxiality zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupindika kwa shaft ndi kupindika kwa nyumbayo, ndipo ndiyoyenera kumadera omwe kukhazikika kokhazikika sikungatsimikizike pa dzenje la mpando wothandizira.Chonyamula chapakati chimanyamula katundu wa radial.Pamene imanyamula katundu wa radial, imathanso kunyamula katundu wochepa wa axial.Nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu wa axial.Mwachitsanzo, kunyamula katundu woyera wa axial, mzere umodzi wokha wa mipira yachitsulo umatsindika.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina aulimi monga ophatikizira otuta, owombera, makina amapepala, makina ansalu, makina opangira matabwa, mawilo oyenda ndi ma shaft amagalimoto amilatho.
5. Zozungulira zozungulira
Zozungulira zozungulira zimakhala ndi mizere iwiri ya odzigudubuza, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kunyamula katundu wa radial ndipo amatha kunyamula katundu wa axial kumbali iliyonse.Mtundu woterewu umakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zama radial, makamaka oyenera kugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wolemetsa kapena kugwedezeka, koma sangathe kupirira katundu wa axial;ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino ndipo imatha kubweza zolakwika zomwezo.Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu: makina opangira mapepala, magiya ochepetsera, ma axle agalimoto yanjanji, mipando yamagiya ogubuduza, ma crushers, zochepetsera mafakitale osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri.
6. Kukankhira mpira mayendedwe
Mpira wothamanga ndi wolekanitsa, mphete ya shaft "washer mpando ukhoza kupatulidwa ndi khola" zigawo za mpira wachitsulo.Mphepete ya shaft ndi ferrule yofanana ndi shaft, ndipo mphete yapampando ndi ferrule yofanana ndi dzenje la mpando, ndipo pali kusiyana pakati pa shaft ndi shaft.Mapiritsi a mpira amatha kuponyedwa
Hand axial load, njira imodzi yolowera mpira imatha kunyamula katundu wa axial wa chipinda chimodzi, njira ziwiri zodutsa mpira zimatha kupirira ziwiri.
Axial katundu mbali zonse.Mpira wothamanga ukhoza kupirira njira yokhotakhota ya shaft yomwe singasinthidwe, ndipo liwiro la malire ndilotsika kwambiri.Njira imodzi yolowera mpira
Shaft ndi nyumba zimatha kusamutsidwa mozungulira mbali imodzi, ndipo njira ziwiri zimatha kusunthira mbali ziwiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina owongolera magalimoto komanso makina opangira makina.
7. Kukankha wodzigudubuza kubala
Mapiritsi a Thrust roller amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athe kupirira kuphatikizika kotenga nthawi yayitali kwa tsinde ndi katundu wamkulu wa axial, koma kutalika kwanthawi yayitali sikudutsa 55% ya katundu wa axial.Poyerekeza ndi zina thrust wodzigudubuza mayendedwe, mtundu wa kubala ali m`munsi kukangana chinthu, liwiro lapamwamba, ndipo amatha kusintha pakati.The odzigudubuza a mtundu 29000 mayendedwe ndi asymmetric ozungulira odzigudubuza, amene akhoza kuchepetsa kutsetsereka wachibale wa ndodo ndi mpikisano pa ntchito, ndi odzigudubuza ndi yaitali, lalikulu m'mimba mwake, ndi chiwerengero cha odzigudubuza ndi chachikulu, ndi katundu mphamvu yaikulu. .Nthawi zambiri amapaka mafuta.Kupaka mafuta kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa liwiro lotsika.Popanga ndi kusankha, ziyenera kukondedwa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'majenereta a hydroelectric, mbedza za crane, etc.
8. Cylindrical wodzigudubuza mayendedwe
Ma rollers a cylindrical roller bearings nthawi zambiri amatsogoleredwa ndi nthiti ziwiri za mphete yonyamula.Khola, chodzigudubuza ndi mphete yolondolera zimapanga msonkhano, womwe ukhoza kupatulidwa ndi mphete ina yonyamula ndipo ndi yolekanitsa.Mtundu woterewu umakhala wosavuta kuyika ndi kupasuka, makamaka ngati mphete yamkati ndi yakunja ndi shaft ndi chipolopolo ziyenera kusokoneza.Mtundu woterewu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu wa radial.Mzere umodzi wokha wokhala ndi nthiti pa mphete zamkati ndi zakunja ungathe kunyamula katundu wokhazikika wa axial kapena katundu wamkulu wapakati wa axial.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pama motors akulu, ma spindles a zida zamakina, mabokosi a axle, ma crankshaft a dizilo ndi magalimoto, etc.
9. Tapered wodzigudubuza mayendedwe
Ma fani odzigudubuza amakhala oyenera kunyamula katundu wophatikizika wa ma radial ndi axial potengera katundu wa radial, pomwe ma cones akulu akulu.
Mapiritsi odzigudubuza angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupirira katundu wa axial ophatikizidwa, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi axial katundu.Mtundu woterewu ndi wolekanitsa, ndipo mphete yake yamkati (kuphatikiza zodzigudubuza za tapered ndi khola) ndi mphete yakunja imatha kukhazikitsidwa padera.Pakuyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, chilolezo cha radial ndi axial cha kubera chingasinthidwe.Itha kukhalanso zosokoneza zisanakhazikitsidwe kwa ma axle am'mbuyo am'galimoto, masipilo a zida zazikulu zamakina, zochepetsera mphamvu zambiri, mabokosi onyamula ma axle, ndi zodzigudubuza zonyamulira zida..
10. Mpira wozungulira wokhala ndi mpando
Mpira wakunja wozungulira wokhala ndi mpando umakhala ndi mpira wakunja wozungulira wokhala ndi zisindikizo mbali zonse ziwiri ndi mpando (kapena mbale yachitsulo) yokhala ndi mipando.Mapangidwe amkati a mpira wozungulira wakunja ndi wofanana ndi wakuya kwakuya kwa mpira, koma mphete yamkati yamtunduwu ndi yotakata kuposa mphete yakunja.Mphete yakunja ili ndi gawo lakunja lozungulira, lomwe limatha kusintha pakati pomwe likugwirizana ndi malo ozungulira ozungulira ampando wonyamula.Nthawi zambiri, pali kusiyana pakati pa dzenje lamkati lamtundu woterewu ndi shaft, ndipo mphete yamkati ya chonyamulira imakhazikika pamtengowo ndi waya wa jack, mawondo a eccentric kapena ma adapter, ndikuzungulira ndi shaft.Chipinda chokhalamo chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika.