Zida zopukutira zimaphatikizapo zida zogubuduza zonyamula ndi makola, ma rivets ndi zida zina zothandizira.

Zimbalangondo zogudubuza ndi zigawo zake nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo.Zitsulo zopiringizika nthawi zambiri zimakhala zitsulo za carbon chromium komanso zitsulo zopangidwa ndi carburized.Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi yamakono ndi luso ndi kuwonjezeka ntchito anagubuduza fani, zofunika mayendedwe akuchulukirachulukira, monga mkulu mwatsatanetsatane, moyo wautali ndi kudalirika mkulu.Pazinthu zina zapadera, zida zonyamulira zimafunikanso kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa corrosion, non-magnetic, ultra-low heat, ndi radiation resistance.Kuphatikiza apo, zida zonyamula zimaphatikizaponso zida za aloyi, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo komanso zinthu zopanda zitsulo.Kuphatikiza apo, mayendedwe opangidwa ndi zida za ceramic tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma locomotives, magalimoto, subways, ndege, mlengalenga, mankhwala ndi zina.

Zofunikira pakugudubuza mayendedwe azinthu zimadalira kwambiri momwe ntchito yogwirira ntchito imagwirira ntchito.Kaya kusankha kwa zida zogubuduza mayendedwe ndi koyenera kudzakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe ake ndi moyo wake.Nthawi zambiri, kulephera kwakukulu kwa ma bearings ogubuduza ndikutopa kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kupsinjika kosinthana, komanso kutayika kolondola chifukwa cha mikangano ndi kuvala.Kuonjezera apo, palinso ming'alu, indentations, dzimbiri ndi zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwachilendo kwa kubereka.Chifukwa chake, mayendedwe ogubuduza amayenera kukana kupindika kwa pulasitiki, kukangana kochepa ndi kuvala, kulondola kozungulira bwino, kulondola kwazithunzi komanso kukhazikika, komanso kutopa kwanthawi yayitali.Ndipo zambiri za katundu zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zipangizo ndi njira zochizira kutentha.

Popeza zofunikira pazida zogubuduza zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a kuwonongeka kwa ma bearings, zida zomwe zimafunikira kupanga mayendedwe opukusa ziyenera kukhala ndi zotsatirazi pambuyo pa chithandizo china cha kutentha munjira yotsatira:

A High kukhudzana kutopa mphamvu

Kulumikizana kutopa kulephera ndiye njira yayikulu yolephereka.Pamene chogudubuza chikugwira ntchito, zinthu zogudubuza zimayenda pakati pa mizere yamkati ndi kunja kwa mphete, ndipo gawo lolumikizana limakhala ndi katundu wosinthasintha nthawi ndi nthawi, womwe umatha kufika mazana masauzande pa mphindi imodzi.Pansi mobwerezabwereza zochita za nthawi alternating nkhawa, kukhudzana pamwamba Kutopa peeling kumachitika.Pamene kugubuduzika kumayamba kufota, kumayambitsa kugwedezeka ndi kuwonjezereka kwa phokoso, ndipo kutentha kwa ntchito kumakwera kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti chotengeracho chiwonongeke.Kuwonongeka kwamtunduwu kumatchedwa kuwonongeka kwa kutopa.Chifukwa chake, chitsulo chogubuduza mayendedwe amafunikira kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zotopa kwambiri.

b High abrasion kukana

Pamene kugudubuza kumagwira ntchito bwino, kuwonjezera pa kukangana kozungulira, kumaphatikizidwanso ndi kugwedezeka kwachitsulo.Zigawo zazikulu za kukangana kotsetsereka ndi: malo olumikizana pakati pa chinthu chogubuduza ndi msewu wothamanga, malo olumikizirana pakati pa chinthu chogubuduza ndi thumba la khola, pakati pa khola ndi nthiti yowongolera mphete, komanso kumapeto kwa chogudubuza ndi kalozera wa mphete Dikirani. pakati pa makoma.Kukhalapo kwa mikangano yotsetsereka mu mayendedwe ogudubuza mosapeŵeka kumapangitsa kuti ziwalo zoberekera ziwonongeke.Ngati kukana kuvala kwa zitsulo zokhala ndi chitsulo kumakhala kosauka, kugubuduza kudzataya kulondola kwake msanga chifukwa cha kuvala kapena kuchepetsa kulondola kwa kasinthasintha, zomwe zidzawonjezera kugwedezeka kwa kunyamula ndikuchepetsa moyo wake.Chifukwa chake, chitsulo chonyamula chimayenera kukhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri.

c malire zotanuka kwambiri

Pamene kugubuduza kubala ntchito, chifukwa kukhudzana m'dera pakati pa kugubuduza chinthu ndi mpikisano wa mphete ndi yaing'ono, kukhudzana kupanikizika kwa kukhudzana pamwamba ndi lalikulu kwambiri pamene kunyamula ali pansi katundu, makamaka pansi pa chikhalidwe katundu waukulu.Pofuna kupewa kupindika kwa pulasitiki mopitirira muyeso pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu, kutaya kulondola kwa kubala kapena ming'alu ya pamwamba, chitsulo chonyamula chimayenera kukhala ndi malire apamwamba.

d Kuuma koyenera

Kuuma ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zofunika za kugudubuza mayendedwe.Ili ndi ubale wapamtima ndi mphamvu ya kutopa yakuthupi, kukana kuvala, ndi malire zotanuka, ndipo imakhudza mwachindunji moyo wa mayendedwe ogubuduza.Kuuma kwa kunyamula nthawi zambiri kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mkhalidwe wonse wamtundu wonyamula katundu ndi kukula, kukula kwake ndi makulidwe a khoma.Kuuma kwa chitsulo chodzigudubuza chiyenera kukhala choyenera, chachikulu kwambiri kapena chaching'ono kwambiri chidzakhudza moyo wautumiki wa kunyamula.Monga tonse tikudziwira, njira zazikulu zolephereka za mayendedwe ogubuduza ndi kuwonongeka kwa kutopa ndi kutayika kwa kulondola chifukwa cha kusavala bwino kapena kusakhazikika;ngati mbali zonyamula zilibe mlingo wina wa kulimba, iwo adzayamba chifukwa cha brittle fracture pamene akukumana ndi katundu wambiri.Kuwonongeka kwa chiberekero.Choncho, kuuma kwa kunyamula kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira komanso njira yowonongeka.Pakutayika kwa kubereka molondola chifukwa cha kutopa kwanthawi yayitali kapena kukana kuvala bwino, kuuma kwakukulu kuyenera kusankhidwa pazonyamula;kwa mayendedwe omwe amakhudzidwa ndi katundu wokulirapo (monga mphero zogubuduza: mayendedwe, mayendedwe a njanji ndi zina zamagalimoto, ndi zina zambiri), ziyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenerera Kuuma ndikofunikira kuti kuwongolera kulimba kwa mayendedwe.

ndi kulimba mtima kwina

Mapiritsi ambiri ogubuduza adzapatsidwa mphamvu inayake panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, kotero kuti chitsulo chonyamula chimayenera kukhala ndi mlingo wina wa kulimba kuti zitsimikizire kuti kunyamula sikuwonongeka chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa.Kwa mayendedwe omwe amatha kupirira katundu wamkulu, monga ma bere a mphero, mayendedwe a njanji, ndi zina zotero, zipangizo zimafunika kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri komanso zosweka.Zina mwazitsulozi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsira kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo za carburized.Onetsetsani kuti ma bere awa ali ndi mphamvu yokana komanso yolimba.

f Kukhazikika bwino kwa mawonekedwe

Kugudubuza mayendedwe ndi mwatsatanetsatane mawotchi mbali, ndipo kulondola kwawo amawerengedwa mu micrometers.Pogwiritsa ntchito kusungirako ndi kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali, kusintha kwa bungwe lamkati kapena kusintha kwa kupsinjika maganizo kumapangitsa kuti kukula kwa kubera kusinthe, kuchititsa kuti kubereka kuwonongeke.Choncho, pofuna kutsimikizira kulondola kwa dimensional, zitsulo zonyamula ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika bwino.

g Ntchito yabwino yolimbana ndi dzimbiri

Ma rolling bearings ali ndi njira zambiri zopangira komanso nthawi yayitali yopanga.Zigawo zina zomalizidwa pang'ono kapena zomalizidwa ziyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali musanasonkhanitsidwe.Chifukwa chake, mbali zonyamula zimatha kuwononga dzimbiri panthawi yopanga kapena posungira zinthu zomalizidwa.Ili mumpweya wonyezimira.Chifukwa chake, chitsulo chonyamula chimayenera kukhala ndi dzimbiri labwino.

h Kuchita bwino kwa ndondomeko

Popanga kupanga ma fani, magawo ake amayenera kudutsa njira zingapo zozizira komanso zotentha.Izi zimafuna kuti zitsulo zonyamula ziyenera kukhala ndi katundu wabwino wa ndondomeko, monga kuzizira ndi kutentha kupanga katundu, kudula, kugaya ntchito ndi ntchito ya kutentha kwa kutentha, etc., kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kugubuduza misala, kuyendetsa bwino, mtengo wotsika komanso kupanga kwapamwamba. .

Kuphatikiza apo, pama bearings omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza pazofunikira zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zofunikira zofananira ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga kukana kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi ntchito ya antimagnetic.